Twyer for cupola-furnaces.



No. 697,301. Pat ented Apr. 8, I902.

s. & r. H. WATT.

TWYER FOB CUPOLA FURNACES.

(Application filed Jan. 6, 1902.)

(No Model.)

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N0. 697 ,30l. Patented Apr. 8, I902.

s. & r. H. WATT. TWYER FOR CUPOLYA FURNACES.

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STATES PATENT ()FFTCE.

STEIVART IVATT AND FORREST H. WVATT, OF BARNESVILLE, OHIO; SAID FORREST H. \VATT ASSIGNOR TO SAID STEWVART WATT.

TWYER FOR CUPOLA-FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 697,301, dated April 8, 1902.

Application filed January 6,1902. Serial No. 88,619. (No model.)

To (Z2 whom i1; may concern: of one of the twyer-fronts detached. Fig. 4 Be it known that we, STEWART l/VATT and is a detail face view of a modified form of FORREST H. \VATT, of Barnesville, Belmont twyer suitable forsmaller cupolas. Fig. 5 is county, and State of Ohio, have invented cera horizontal section therethrough on line 5 5,

5 tain new and useful Improvements in Twyers Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a "ertical section there- 55 for Oup'ola-Furnaces; and we hereby declare through on line 6 6, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a view that the following is a full, clear, and exact of an annular twyer, partly in section; and description thereof, reference being had to Fig. 8 is a detail section through a solid-botthe accompanyin drawings, which form part tom twyer.

10 of this specification. A designates an ordinary cupola-furnace 6o Thisinvention is an improvement in twyers having a lining B, of fire-brick, and an extefor cupola-furnaces; and its objects are to rior metal sheathing a. WVithin this furnace, provide a twyer which will enable the founnear the bottom thereof, are arranged the dryman to maintain the heat in the cupola twyers D. These twyers are arranged in a until all the melted iron is withdrawn, will circle within the cupola and take the place of 65 enable the blast to be regulated by simply the fire-brick at this point. Each twyer D changing the fronts of the twyers, will prepreferably is composed of a hollow casting, vent the slag capping over the bottom of the preferably of segmental shape and narrower cupola and facilitate the cleaning out of the (on radial lines) at bottom than at top to precupola when its bottom is dropped, will envent falling met-a1, slag, &c., catching on the 70 able the fronts of twyers to be removed and face of the twyer or filling the jet-opening replaced at will when it is desired to alter therein. Preferably, also, the bottom of the the air-jets or clean the twyers or when nectwyer-casting is open, but is closed by the essary to replace burned-out twyers, and by underlying fire-brick, the bottom being prefwhich the air can be distributed evenly and erably left open, so that in case refuse or slag 75 uniformly through the cupola and directed should perchance get into the twyer it can be away from the fire-brick, so that the latter taken therefrom without displacing the twyer will not be destroyed by impact of jets, as by removing the underlying fire-brick and frequently occurs in the ordinary cupola-furcleaning the twyer-casting through the botnaces, and to make the twyers applicable to tom opening therein. In the back wall of the 80 any ordinary construction of cupola at little twyer is a blast-opening cl, which communiexpense. cates directly with the annular wind-box O,

The invention consists in the novel consurrounding the cupola, as usual. In the struction of the twyers, as hereinafter defront or inner face of the twyer-casting D are 3 5 scribed and claimed, and the accompanying formed a series ofjet-openlngsd' ditheformer 8 drawings represent forms of twyers severally being shown as horizontal openings, while the embodying the invention and which we will latter are upwardly inclined, and these opennow describe, premising the detailed descripings may be surrounded with tubular extention thereof with the statement that the disions or projections 01 within the casting and 40 mensions of the twyers and their forms can on the front thereof, said extensions project- 90 be varied, as hereinafter suggested, to meet ing into the twyer-chamber and practicallythe requirements of the particular cupola to forming short jet-pipes, by which the airwhich they are to be applied or the judgment blasts will be directed upwardly and inwardly of the foundryman within the scope of the inin the most advantageous manner. The ar- Vention. rangement of jet-openings shownin Fig. 1 of 95 In said drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical secthe drawings we have found very advantational elevation of a portion of a cupola-furgeous in large cupolas, and the air is thereby nace with one form of our improved twyers directed away from the superimposed fireapplied thereto. Fig. 2 is a horizontal secbricks, and the rapid destruction of the latter tion on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear View thereby prevented. The arrangement of the mo air-jets in the twyer may, however, be varied to suit the foundryman and the nature of metals being melted and fuel employed.

\Vhile the front or inner faces of the twyer castings might in some cases be madeintegral, we prefer to form them separately from the body portionsof the casting for economical and practical reasons. First,these inner faces might be burned out or broken orclogged, and in any such event it is obvious repairs can be more quickly and economically made by removing the old fronts and replacing them with new than if the whole twyer had to be removed and'replaced; second, in some heats it may be desirable to have more air jetted at top of twyer than at bottom, or vice versa, or to have air jetted inwardly at a different angle from what would be advantageously employed in other heats, and by providing suitably-constructed sets of interchangeable fronts it is obvious that the foundryman can at little expense alter his cupola to suit any particular heat he desires to make. Therefore we preferably make the fronts or inner plates D of the twyers removable, but secure them to the bodies by means of bolts (1 tapped through the fronts and engaging lugs D within the twyers, as shown.

The construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is peculiarly well adapted for large cupolafurnaces having external wind-boxes. The twyers should in all cases be duly proportioned to the cupola for which they are in tended and may be individually removed and replaced when necessary at little expense. Some cupola furnaces (particularly the smaller'ones) do not have wind-boxes, and for such cupolas the twyers are made of greater or less length or arc, according to the number of blast-pipe connections which the onpola may have. Where but one blast connection is used, the twyer may take the shape of a ring or annulus, as in Fig. 7. Where two blast connections are provided, the twyers would be semicircular in plan, the number of twyers employed and the relative length of such twyers depending upon the number of blast connections in cupolas having no wind-box. These largetwyer-castings are shown in Figs. at to 8 and are provided with two or more similar removable front sections D, which may be detachably secured to the twyer by bolts 6, as shown, and are provided with air-jet apertures d d and tubular extensions d around openings (1 as in the case of the narrow twyers. In order to prevent the roof or upper portion of these large twyers sagging when hot, it is, however, desirable to brace them by vertical front stays E, which extend from top to bottom of the twyer and are arranged intermediate the adjacent removable fronts D, as shown. These stays may be provided with jet-apertures E, which will assist in keeping down their temperature. Where the bottom of the twyer is left open, the lower ends of the stays E and the rear walls of the twyer are connected by bottom stay-bars E as shown. The twyers are also slightly tapered in cross-section, so tl1at(measnred on radial lines) their bottoms are narrower than their tops for the same purpose that the smaller twyers D are made narrower at bottom than at top. All the twyers are made and fitted so closely in the cupola that the air blown thereinto must pass out through the jet-openings therein, and as these openings can be varied or regulated by properly casting the fronts the air-jets can be directed in the most advantageous manner to suit the foundryman, the interchangeable fronts being readily attachable and detachable, while the twyers remain fixed in the walls of the cupola.

In the ordinary construction of cupola-twyers the blast impinges on the fire-brick and rapidly burns out the latter, necessitating frequent and costly repairs of the brick lining, which is both expensive and troublesome; but by properly shaping the apertures in our twyer-fronts this objectionableincident can be obviated.

l/Vhere cupolas have a wind-box, the small twyers shown in Figs. 1 to 3 are preferred; but where the cupolas have no wind-box, but admit air through one or more openings in shell, the larger twyers may be used, and the number and size of such twyers will vary with the number of air-inletsin shell, as above explained.

The twyers may be formed of any suitable material, but are preferably made of castiron. The twyers form part of the inner lining of the cupola, and therefore become very hot, and when the blast enters the twyers it becomes heated therein before it passes into the cupola through the jet-openings, the blast being sufficient to keep a supply of air under pressure in the twyers during the operation of the cupola. The warming of the air facilitates the maintenance of the desired temperature in the cupola and lessens the expenditure of fuel necessary to do this.

The blast-inlet holes in back of twyers can be made of any shape and size and location to fit the openings in shell of cupola when the invention is adapted to old cupolas without remodeling the latter. The blast-holes in fronts of twyers should be so arranged that they will equally distribute the air in the melting zone within the cupolas, which distribution facilitates the rapid and uniform melting of the metal. The tubular extensions (1 around jet-openings (1 cause the air to penetrate farther into the cupola before disseminating therein than where it simply passes through plain apertures in the fronts. By forming the blast-inlet openings d higher or lower on the twyers the latter can be located at any desired height above the bottom of the cupola to which they are to be attached, thus enabling the melting zone to be regulated and located at the point desired by the foundryman, and this capability of construction is particularly advantageous where it is desired to alter old cupolas for producing heavy instead of light castings, or vice versa. Our twyers also prevent the formation of slag caps or bridges, and when the bottom of the cupola drops everything goes out and the danger and annoyance of slag formations in cupola are prevented. The blast-holes can be located at any desired point on the twyers. If it is desired to lower the melting zone only slightly, it can be done by stopping up some of the upper jet-holes with fire-clay without changing the fronts.

Having thus described our invention, what we therefore claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent thereon, is

1. In a cupola-furnace, a series of twyers adapted to form part of the lining of the cupola, each consisting of a hollow body having an air-inlet in its back and its inner or front end open, and a removable changeable face or front plate secured to and closing the inner end of each body, each plate being provided with jet-apertures, substantially as described.

2. In a cnpola-furnace, the combination of a twyer consisting of a hollow casting adapted to form part of the inner lining of the furnace and having a removable changeable front piece provided with jet-apertures, an air-trunk exterior to the twyer and communicating with the rear end thereof, and an airsupply pipe, substantially as described.

3. In a cupola-furnace, the combination of a series of similar twyers each consisting of a hollow segmental casting, adapted to form part of the lining of the furnace, and having an air-blast inlet at rear but open at its front or inner end, and each twyer having a removable front piece closing its inner end provided with a series of air-jet openings; with an airtrunk exterior to the twyers, and an air-supply pipe, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. A twyer for cupola-furnaces, having a blast-inlet at rear, jet-apertures in its front and tubular projections within the twyer around such openings, substantially as described.

5. A twyer for cupola-furnaces, consisting of a hollow casting, having a blast-inlet in rear, a detachable front provided with jetapertures, and tubular projections within the twyer surrounding the j et-openin gs, substantially as described.

6. A twyer for cupola-furnaces comprising a hollow casting wider at top than at bottom, having a blast-inlet at rear, and a removable front provided with air-jet openings some of said openings having tubular projections around their inner ends within the twyer, substantially as described.

7. A twyer for cupola-furnaces consisting of a hollow casting having an air-inlet at back, removable fronts provided with j et-apertures, and intermediate vertical stays or braces, also provided with jet-apertures, substantially as described.

S. The combination with a cupola-furnaoe of a series of similar twyers therein each consistin g of a hollowsegmental casting, adapted to form part of the lining of the furnace, and having an air-blast inlet at rear, and a removable front piece provided with aseries of airjet openings, and inclined tubular extensions or projections on the inner face of the front around several of the jet-openings, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that we claim the foregoingas our own we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

STEWART WATT. FORREST H. WATT.

In presence of- P. H. LAUGHLIN, JOHN D. MILLER. 

